White phosphorus
White phosphorus
CAS: 12185-10-3
Molecular Formula: P4
White phosphorus - Names and Identifiers
| Name | White phosphorus |
| Synonyms | tetraphosphorus white phosphorus White phosphorus yellow phosphorus Phosphorus yellow Phosphorus tetramer Molecular phosphorus Tetraatomic phosphorus Phosphorus tetraatomic molecule tricyclo[1.1.0.0~2,4~]tetraphosphane [Td-(13)-delta(4)-closo]tetraphosphorus |
| CAS | 12185-10-3 |
| InChI | InChI=1/P4/c1-2-3(1)4(1)2 |
White phosphorus - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | P4 |
| Molar Mass | 123.896 |
| Density | α: 1.83; β. 1.88 [MER06] |
| Melting Point | 44.1 (0.181mm) [MER06] |
| Boling Point | 277℃ [CRC10] |
| Water Solubility | 1 part/300,000 parts H2O; 1g/400mL absolute alcohol; 1 g/200mL CHCl2; 1g/40mL benzene [MER06] |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Its appearance is yellow waxy solid, soft, can be cut with a knife. melting point 44.1 ℃ boiling point 280 ℃ relative density 1.82(20 ℃) solubility insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, soluble in liquid alkali, benzene, ether, chloroform, toluene, soluble in carbon disulfide. |
| Use | Mainly used as raw materials for the preparation of red phosphorus, phosphoric acid and phosphorus compounds, but also for rodenticides |
White phosphorus - Upstream Downstream Industry
White phosphorus - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
There are several kinds of phosphorus allotrope, common with white phosphorus and red phosphorus. White phosphorus in the storage, due to the influence of light and impurities easily become light yellow, so it is customary called yellow phosphorus, its appearance is yellow waxy solid, soft, can be cut with a knife, relative density 1. 82 (20 degrees C). Melting point 44.1 °c. Boiling point 280 °c. Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, soluble in liquid alkali, benzene, ether, chloroform, toluene, soluble in carbon disulfide. Flammable, self-combustion at 34 ℃. Must be stored in water (cutting is also required in water for cold luminescence. Its activity is larger than that of red phosphorus, and it directly reacts with halogen and oxygen energy to generate corresponding halide or oxide, and releases a large amount of heat. There is a smell, very toxic!
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
White phosphorus - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
The phosphorus ore is reduced with carbon at high temperature to generate phosphorus vapor, and yellow phosphorus is obtained by condensation. When the reduction reaction is carried out in a blast furnace, it is referred to as a blast furnace method; When it is carried out in an electric furnace, it is referred to as an electric furnace method. Using electric furnace method to produce yellow phosphorus has the advantages of good product quality, high labor productivity and low production cost. At present, the electric furnace method is widely used at home and abroad, and the electric furnace is developing towards large-scale. The phosphorus ore, Coke and silica are crushed to the specified particle size by electric furnace method, and then mixed according to the specified proportion. The mixture is melted in a closed three-phase electric furnace at 1400~1500 ℃ for reduction reaction, the generated phosphorus vapor is cooled by the condensing Tower, condensed into droplets, and enters into the phosphorus collecting tank at the bottom of the tower together with mechanical impurities to obtain crude phosphorus. After heating, stirring and clarifying the crude phosphorus in a refining pan with steam, pure phosphorus is deposited on the bottom of the pan. Into the yellow phosphorus pool, cooling molding, yellow phosphorus product. The phosphorus sludge at the bottom of the phosphorus collection tank is taken out regularly for phosphorus recovery. The exhaust gas from the condenser column contains 80% to 90% of carbon monoxide, which can be used as fuel, and can also be used for the production of formic acid or oxalic acid. Regular discharge of slag, for the production of cement, brick and slag wool and other building materials, phosphorus iron (containing 21% ~ 22% P,63% ~ 73)
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:02:26
White phosphorus - Use
Open Data Verified Data
mainly used for the production of thermal phosphoric acid, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentasulfide and other phosphorus compounds and for the manufacture of trichlorfon, methamidophos, chloramidine, trimethoprim, dichlorvos and other organic pesticides and rodenticide raw materials. A small amount for the production of red phosphorus and phosphorus pentoxide. It is used in the military for the manufacture of combustibles, tracers, smoke and signal projectiles. It is also used in the production of phosphorus iron alloy and pharmaceutical, organic raw materials and other industries.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:02:25
White phosphorus - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
It belongs to class I spontaneous combustion article, Hazard code number; GB4.2 class 42001. UN No. 13 81 (immersed in water).2447 (molten);IMDG CODE 4249, P. 4250, Class 4.2, by-Hazard Class 6.1. Should be stored in a cool warehouse, preferably a special storage. Should be kept Isolation away from pyrogens, explosives, oxidants, sulfur, halogens, strong acids and oxygen. Yellow phosphorus is extremely dangerous, can spontaneous combustion in the air, must be submerged in water. Handling should be handled with light, to prevent vibration, friction, to prevent the iron drum down. Yellow phosphorus is extremely toxic; Should wear protective equipment to prevent contact with the skin, do not enter. The barrel should be contained in an iron drum, and the barrel body should never leak. The barrel contains cold water (to prevent the use of alkaline water), and yellow phosphorus is immersed in water. The free space above the water layer should not be less than 5% of the total volume. 20 ~ 50kg net weight per barrel. The side of the iron drum should be painted with obvious signs of "spontaneous combustion articles" and "highly toxic drugs. It has a burn effect on the skin. Acute poisoning will appear Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea, the vomiting of garlic flavor, in the dark can emit light. When the skin was burned with yellow phosphorus, it was immediately rinsed with a large amount of water, and the yellow phosphorus was removed with a wood blade under water washing. Such as splash into the eye, should be immediately washed with a large amount of water, sent to the hospital for treatment. Clothing burned with yellow phosphorus must be quenched with water and removed immediately upon pouring. In case of acute poisoning caused by accidental ingestion of yellow phosphorus, gastric lavage was repeated with 0.2% potassium permanganate or 1% copper sulfate solution until the odor of yellow phosphorus in the eluate disappeared. Adults may be fatal if they take 50mg/kg by mistake. The maximum allowable concentration was 0.03 mg/kg. During the operation, you should wear work clothes and wear protective masks. Eating and smoking in the workshop are strictly prohibited; Shower after work. The production process should be closed and well ventilated. Production workers should be given health care diet once every six months.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:02:27
White phosphorus - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| toxicity | see yellow phosphorus. It has a burn effect on the skin. Acute poisoning will appear abdominal pain, diarrhea, spit out garlic smell, in the dark can glow. When the skin is burned by yellow phosphorus, immediately rinse with a large amount of water, and remove the yellow phosphorus with a wood scraper under water washing. If splashed into the eyes, should be immediately rinsed with a large amount of water, sent to the hospital for treatment. Clothes burned with yellow phosphorus must be doused with water and taken off immediately when poured with water. In case of acute poisoning caused by accidental administration of yellow phosphorus, gastric lavage with 0.2% potassium permanganate or 1% copper sulfate solution is repeated until the smell of yellow phosphorus in the eluate disappears. Adults can be fatal by taking 50 mg/kg by mistake. The maximum allowable concentration is 0.03 mg/kg. Wear work clothes, anti-virus masks and other labor protection supplies during operation. It is strictly forbidden to eat or smoke in the workshop. Shower after work. The production process should be airtight and well ventilated. Production workers have a physical examination every six months and should be given a healthy diet. |
| use | is mainly used as a raw material for preparing red phosphorus, phosphoric acid and phosphorus compounds, and is also used for rodenticide and other |
| production method | 1. phosphate rock is reduced to generate phosphorus vapor with carbon at high temperature, and yellow phosphorus is obtained after condensation. When the reduction reaction is carried out in a blast furnace, it is called the blast furnace method; when it is carried out in an electric furnace, it is called the electric furnace method. The production of yellow phosphorus by electric furnace method has the advantages of good product quality, high labor productivity and low production cost. At present, electric furnace method is widely used at home and abroad, and electric furnace is developing towards large-scale. 2. The phosphate rock, coke and silica are crushed to the specified particle size by the electric furnace method, and then mixed according to the specified ratio. The mixture is melted in a closed three-phase electric furnace at a high temperature of 1400~1500 ℃ for reduction reaction, and the generated phosphorus The vapor is cooled by the condensing tower, condensed into droplets, and enters the phosphorus collection tank at the bottom of the tower together with mechanical impurities to obtain crude phosphorus. After the crude phosphorus is heated, stirred and clarified with steam in a refining pot, the pure phosphorus is deposited on the bottom of the pot. Put it into the yellow phosphorus tank, cool and shape, and then make the yellow phosphorus product. The phosphorus mud at the bottom of the phosphorus collection tank is taken out regularly for phosphorus recovery. The tail gas from the condensing tower contains carbon monoxide 80% ~ 90%, which can be used as fuel and can also be used to produce formic acid or oxalic acid. Slag is discharged regularly for cement, brick, slag cotton and other building materials. Phosphorus iron (containing 21% ~ 22% P,63% ~ 73%%Fe) is discharged regularly for metallurgical industry. |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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Raw Materials for White phosphorus
Downstream Products for White phosphorus
Hydrobromic acid
Phosphoric acid
thiophosphoryl chloride
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Sodium hexametaphosphate
sodium hydrogen phosphate
Phosphorus pentoxide
Iodoethane
Phosphoric acid
thiophosphoryl chloride
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Sodium hexametaphosphate
sodium hydrogen phosphate
Phosphorus pentoxide
Iodoethane